White dunes of the Mediterranean coasts and of the subtropical Atlantic coasts of Iberia and mediterranean North Africa, south to Safi at 32° N, dominated, when vegetated, by the marram grass Ammophila arenaria ssp. arundinacea (Ammophila australis), accompanied by, among others, Otanthus maritimus, Echinophora spinosa, Eryngium maritimum, Euphorbia paralias, Cutandia maritima, Medicago marina, Anthemis maritima.