Sub-Atlantic wet grasslands of brook banks and soggy slopes of rainy granitic and cristaline hills and low mountains of middle Europe, most characteristic of the eastern Hercynian ranges and the northern pre-Alps, extending west to the Hercynian ranges of sub-Atlantic western Europe, dominated by Cirsium palustre, accompanied by Angelica sylvestris at the lower altitudes, Polygonum bistorta at the higher altitudes.