Wind-swept heaths with prostrate, cushiony gorse or broom (Ulex europaeus f. maritimus, Ulex gallii f. humilis, Cytisus scoparius ssp. maritimus), Erica vagans, Erica cinerea, Calluna vulgaris, and numerous other maritime ecotypes, of cliff tops of promontories and islands of Brittany, Cotentin, southern Ireland, Cornwall, Wales, the Cantabrian coast and Galicia.