Tall shrubby formations of the meso- and thermo-Mediterranean zones of the Iberian peninsula, France, Italy, the large western Mediterranean islands and Mediterranean North Africa with Erica arborea, Arbutus unedo, Quercus ilex, Phillyrea angustifolia, Phillyrea media, Viburnum tinus, Rhamnus alaternus, Juniperus oxycedrus, Fraxinus ornus.