Mesophile, meso-xerophile or meso-hygrophile, mesothermal acidophilous forests of Quercus petraea or sometimes Quercus robur, of central European or northwestern medio-European affinities, usually with Luzula luzuloides, distributed in the Western and Central European Hercynian ranges and their periphery, the northern and northeastern Alpine periphery and the northern and western Carpathian periphery.