Forests dominated by Pinus sylvestris of acid, often podsolised, sands of the plains and hills of middle Europe. Associated trees include Quercus robur, Quercus petraea, Betula pendula, Fagus sylvatica; Vaccinium myrtillus, Calluna vulgaris, Dicranum undulatum are usually prominent in the ground layer, Molinia caerulea may be abundant in humid stands.