Communities of calcareous springs, flushes, seeps or parts of spring systems of nemoral and boreal Europe overwhelmingly dominated by bryophytes forming carpets, curtains or mounds with no or a modest amount of tufa deposition. Typical dominants are the mosses Cratoneuron filicinum, Cratoneuron commutatum, Cratoneuron commutatum var. falcatum, Cratoneuron decipiens, also the mosses Philonotis calcarea, Paludella squarrosa, Hygrohypnum luridum, or the hepatic Leiocolea bantriensis.