Juniperus phoenicea ssp. phoenicea-dominated formations occupying steep rocky slopes of the meso-Mediterranean and, locally, thermo-Mediterranean or lower supra-Mediterranean zones, particularly developed on crests and spurs of the mountains bordering the Ebro depression, in calcareous mountains of Valencia, in the southwestern Alps and Provence, in Sardinia, in Sicily, in Puglia, in southern Greece, in North Africa. Remarkable, generally uncommon, stands of old, tall trees may take on an almost woodland appearance.