Mixed woods of Tilia spp., Fraxinus spp., Quercus spp., Carpinus spp., Ostrya carpinifolia, Sorbus spp., Populus spp. and occasionally, Fagus spp. of the Mediterranean, supra-Mediterranean and sub-Mediterranean Quercion pubescenti-petraeae, Ostryo-Carpinion and Quercion frainetto zones.