Shrub hummocks of lowland or low montane Northern Europe, of Western Europe, of lowland Central Europe, the Baltic region, the Hercynian ranges, the Alps, the Northern Carpathians dominated by Empetrum nigrum or, in boreal regions, in mountains and in eastern Central Europe, Empetrum hermaphroditum, characteristic of suboceanic climates, of drier, taller hummocks or of slightly more mineral-influenced bogs of Europe.