Forests of Fraxinus excelsior, Acer pseudoplatanus, Acer platanoides, Ulmus glabra, Tilia platyphyllos, Fagus sylvatica, restricted to small surfaces on erosion-fashioned slope bases in shady ravines and valleys of the submontane level of the Bohemian Quadrangle, the extreme Western Carpathians, the Jura, the northern and eastern pre-Alps, the mid-German Hercynian ranges, with Aruncus dioicus dominant, Petasites albus, Veronica montana, Circaea alpina, Dryopteris carthusiana, Dryopteris dilatata, Dryopteris affinis and the mosses Blasia pusilla, Conocephalum conicum, Fissidens taxifolius.