Thickets of Prunus spinosa, P. mahaleb, Rosa spp., Cornus mas, C. sanguinea, Sorbus aria, Crataegus spp., Lonicera xylosteum, Rhamnus catharticus, R. alpinus, Clematis vitalba, Ligustrum vulgare, Viburnum lantana, V. opulus, Rubus spp., Amelanchier ovalis, Cotoneaster integerrimus, C. nebrodensis, Pyrus pyraster, Malus sylvestris, Euonymus europaeus, Corylus avellana, Ulmus minor, Acer campestre, A. monspessulanum, Carpinus betulus characteristic of forest edges, hedges and (mostly Carpinion or Quercion pubescenti-petraeae) woodland recolonization, developed on soils relatively rich in nutrients, neutral or calcareous.