Mixed forests of Quercus robur, Q. petraea, Fagus sylvatica, Ulmus glabra, Acer pseudoplatanus, A. platanoides, Tilia platyphyllos, Fraxinus excelsior, Carpinus betulus, Alnus glutinosa, with Hedera helix, Polygonatum verticillatum, Galium odoratum, Ranunculus platanifolius, Centaurea montana, Poa chaixii, Pulmonaria montana, Circaea alpina, Sambucus racemosa of large, shaded slopes of the Ardennes and Lorraine, probably also represented in other Hercynian ranges and their periphery, within the zone of transition from oceanic to continental climates.