Very local Pinus mugo scrub of the southwestern Alps (Moyen-Valais, Haute-Roya, Ligurian Alps), with Juniperus nana, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Daphne striata, Erica herbacea, Carex firma and, in some stations, Rhododendron hirsutum; cold-block Pinus mugo formations of the Swiss Jura.