Silicicolous thermocline forests of Quercus petraea, Quercus robur, Sorbus torminalis, Sorbus domestica, Pyrus communis, Malus acerba, Ilex aquifolium, Mespilus germanica with an undergrowth of Ruscus aculeatus, Festuca heterophylla, Pulmonaria longifolia, Melica uniflora and the Deschampsia flexuosa and Convallaria majalis groups of the Quercion.