⌘K
Biotope - Typologie Européenne EUNIS
E1.26 - Niveau 4 : Pelouses semi-sèches calcaires subatlantiques
Description
More or less mesophile, closed formations dominated by perennial, tuft-forming grasses, colonizing relatively deep, mostly calcareous soils. Generally species-rich, these communities may be overwhelmed by the highly social Brachypodium pinnatum.Their range extends from the British Isles, Denmark, the Low Countries and northern Germany to the Cantabric range, the Pyrenees, Catalonia, the southern Alps and the Central Apennines, extending east to the Bohemian Quadrangle, beyond which they are replaced by the vicariant formations of the Cirsio-Brachypodion, to the Wienerwald, Styria and Illyria. Bromus erectus and Brachypodium pinnatum often dominate, other grasses include Koeleria pyramidata, Festuca guestfalica, Festuca rupicola, Festuca lemanii, Avenula pubescens, Sesleria albicans, Briza media, Carex caryophyllea and Carex flacca. Herbs: Gentianella germanica, Trifolium montanum, Ononis repens, Medicago lupulina, Ranunculus bulbosus, Cirsium acaule, Euphrasia stricta, Dianthus deltoides, Potentilla neumanniana (Potentilla tabernaemontani, Potentilla verna), Anthyllis vulneraria, Galium verum, Euphorbia brittingeri (Euphorbia verrucosa), Hippocrepis comosa, Scabiosa columbaria, Centaurea scabiosa, Carlina vulgaris, Viola hirta, and numerous orchid species. Forming a bridge between the Mediterranean region and thermophile sites to the north, they can be identified by their high representation of Mediterranean species in the north and of Euro-Siberian ones in the south.
Taxons (Liens actifs si espèces présentes)
Anthyllis vulneraria L., 1753, Avenula pubescens (Huds.) Dumort., 1868, Brachypodium pinnatum (L.) P.Beauv., 1812, Briza media L., 1753, Bromus erectus Huds., 1762, Carex caryophyllea J.F.Gmel., 1791 [nom. illeg. hom.], Carex flacca Schreb., 1771, Carlina vulgaris L., 1753, Centaurea scabiosa L., 1753, Cirsium acaule (L.) All., 1780, Dianthus deltoides L., 1753, Euphorbia brittingeri Opiz ex Samp., 1914, Euphorbia verrucosa L., 1753, Euphrasia stricta Host, 1831, Festuca guestfalica Boenn. ex Rchb., 1830, Festuca lemanii Bastard, 1809, Festuca rupicola Heuff., 1858, Galium verum L., 1753, Gentianella germanica (Willd.) Börner, 1912, Hippocrepis comosa L., 1753, Koeleria pyramidata (Lam.) P.Beauv., 1812, Medicago lupulina L., 1753, Ononis repens L., 1753, Potentilla neumanniana Rchb., 1832, Potentilla tabernaemontani Asch., 1891, Potentilla verna L., 1753 [nom. et typ. cons.], Ranunculus bulbosus L., 1753, Scabiosa columbaria L., 1753, Sesleria albicans Kit. ex Schult., 1814, Trifolium montanum L., 1753 [p. 772] [nom. illeg. hom.], Viola hirta L., 1753,
E1.264 - Niveau 5 : Pelouses alluviales et humides du Mesobromion
Description
Closed grasslands rich in species of the Mesobromion and in particular Bromus erectus, developed on calcareous marls, on somewhat elevated expanses of alluvial plains and on other water retentive soils within the range of the grasslands listed under E1.262. They are transitional to humid grasslands (E3) and are often marked by the abundance of Carex flacca. Among characteristic elements are also Thalictrum majus, Peucedanum carvifolia, Silaum silaus, Festuca hirundinacea. Geographical subdivisions can be introduced by use of the fourth decimal digit of E1.262 in the fourth place of E1.264. Extensive examples are known in particular from the marls of Lorraine, the Belgian low Meuse and the great rivers of the Netherlands, Westphalia, the alluvial plains of the French Moselle and Meuse, the Rhine valley in Germany and Alsace, various valleys in south Germany and the valley of the Sarthe.
Taxons (Liens actifs si espèces présentes)
Bromus erectus Huds., 1762 ( Esp. caract. )
Carex flacca Schreb., 1771 ( Esp. caract. )
Peucedanum carvifolium Vill., 1779 ( Esp. caract. )
Silaum silaus (L.) Schinz & Thell., 1915 ( Esp. caract. )
Carex flacca Schreb., 1771 ( Esp. caract. )
Peucedanum carvifolium Vill., 1779 ( Esp. caract. )
Silaum silaus (L.) Schinz & Thell., 1915 ( Esp. caract. )
Analyse Ecologie du milieu (En fonction des espèces présentes)
Faible
Forte
— nb espèces indicatrices par classe
Humidité
Réaction du sol (pH)
Nutriments
Lumière
Matière organique
Granulométrie
Salinité