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Biotope - Typologie Européenne EUNIS
E1.26 - Niveau 4 : Pelouses semi-sèches calcaires subatlantiques
Description
More or less mesophile, closed formations dominated by perennial, tuft-forming grasses, colonizing relatively deep, mostly calcareous soils. Generally species-rich, these communities may be overwhelmed by the highly social Brachypodium pinnatum.Their range extends from the British Isles, Denmark, the Low Countries and northern Germany to the Cantabric range, the Pyrenees, Catalonia, the southern Alps and the Central Apennines, extending east to the Bohemian Quadrangle, beyond which they are replaced by the vicariant formations of the Cirsio-Brachypodion, to the Wienerwald, Styria and Illyria. Bromus erectus and Brachypodium pinnatum often dominate, other grasses include Koeleria pyramidata, Festuca guestfalica, Festuca rupicola, Festuca lemanii, Avenula pubescens, Sesleria albicans, Briza media, Carex caryophyllea and Carex flacca. Herbs: Gentianella germanica, Trifolium montanum, Ononis repens, Medicago lupulina, Ranunculus bulbosus, Cirsium acaule, Euphrasia stricta, Dianthus deltoides, Potentilla neumanniana (Potentilla tabernaemontani, Potentilla verna), Anthyllis vulneraria, Galium verum, Euphorbia brittingeri (Euphorbia verrucosa), Hippocrepis comosa, Scabiosa columbaria, Centaurea scabiosa, Carlina vulgaris, Viola hirta, and numerous orchid species. Forming a bridge between the Mediterranean region and thermophile sites to the north, they can be identified by their high representation of Mediterranean species in the north and of Euro-Siberian ones in the south.
Taxons (Liens actifs si espèces présentes)
Anthyllis vulneraria L., 1753, Avenula pubescens (Huds.) Dumort., 1868, Brachypodium pinnatum (L.) P.Beauv., 1812, Briza media L., 1753, Bromus erectus Huds., 1762, Carex caryophyllea J.F.Gmel., 1791 [nom. illeg. hom.], Carex flacca Schreb., 1771, Carlina vulgaris L., 1753, Centaurea scabiosa L., 1753, Cirsium acaule (L.) All., 1780, Dianthus deltoides L., 1753, Euphorbia brittingeri Opiz ex Samp., 1914, Euphorbia verrucosa L., 1753, Euphrasia stricta Host, 1831, Festuca guestfalica Boenn. ex Rchb., 1830, Festuca lemanii Bastard, 1809, Festuca rupicola Heuff., 1858, Galium verum L., 1753, Gentianella germanica (Willd.) Börner, 1912, Hippocrepis comosa L., 1753, Koeleria pyramidata (Lam.) P.Beauv., 1812, Medicago lupulina L., 1753, Ononis repens L., 1753, Potentilla neumanniana Rchb., 1832, Potentilla tabernaemontani Asch., 1891, Potentilla verna L., 1753 [nom. et typ. cons.], Ranunculus bulbosus L., 1753, Scabiosa columbaria L., 1753, Sesleria albicans Kit. ex Schult., 1814, Trifolium montanum L., 1753 [p. 772] [nom. illeg. hom.], Viola hirta L., 1753,
E1.262 - Niveau 5 : Pelouses semi-sèches médio-européennes à Bromus erectus
Description
Mesophile and meso-xerophile calcareous grasslands of the sub-Atlantic domaine in the Low Countries, Germany, the Czech Republic, Switzerland, northern, central and western France and northwestern Spain. They are faunistically and floristically rich and the highly discontinuous nature of their distribution gives rise to a considerable geographical variation in the composition of plant and animal communities, marked by the occurrence of numerous species of local or disjunct occurrence in addition to the basic cortège common to most of them. Besides this geographical variation, the nature of these grasslands also depends, to a great extent, on hydric regime, substrate characteristics and agropastoral treatment, notably on whether they are mowed or grazed and how intensively. In particular, the relative abundance of the main constituent grass species, Bromus erectus, Brachypodium pinnatum s. l., Sesleria albicans and Koeleria pyramidata, varies both geographically with climatic conditions and locally with topography and agropastoral regime. Thus, although separate geographical entities may differ in that relative abundance, similarly differing facies may also coexist locally, producing sharply distinct habitats. To accomodate for these concurrent axes of variation, formations dominated by Brachypodium or by Sesleria, as well as all semidamp formations, are removed from this division and placed in units 34.323, 34.324 and 34.325. Geographical subdivisions, most apt at identifying distinctive plant and animal communities, may be used in the four sections by addition of a fourth decimal digit common to all of them. The regions encompassed by the geographical subdivisions corresponding to each value of this fourth digit are in all cases described under this section although in some of them, or in parts of some of them, there may be no grasslands belonging to unit 34.322, but only grasslands belonging to units 34.323, 34.324 or 34.325; these cases have, as much as possible, been identified under each of the subdivisions below.
Taxons (Liens actifs si espèces présentes)
Brachypodium P.Beauv., 1812 ( Esp. caract. )
Brachypodium pinnatum (L.) P.Beauv., 1812 ( Esp. caract. )
Bromus erectus Huds., 1762 ( Esp. caract. )
Koeleria pyramidata (Lam.) P.Beauv., 1812 ( Esp. caract. )
Sesleria albicans Kit. ex Schult., 1814 ( Esp. caract. )
Sesleria Scop., 1760 ( Esp. caract. )
Brachypodium pinnatum (L.) P.Beauv., 1812 ( Esp. caract. )
Bromus erectus Huds., 1762 ( Esp. caract. )
Koeleria pyramidata (Lam.) P.Beauv., 1812 ( Esp. caract. )
Sesleria albicans Kit. ex Schult., 1814 ( Esp. caract. )
Sesleria Scop., 1760 ( Esp. caract. )
Analyse Ecologie du milieu (En fonction des espèces présentes)
Faible
Forte
— nb espèces indicatrices par classe
Humidité
Réaction du sol (pH)
Nutriments
Lumière
Matière organique
Granulométrie
Salinité