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Biotope - Typologie Européenne EUNIS
E3.41 - Niveau 4 : Prairies atlantiques et subatlantiques humides
Description
Lightly managed hay meadows and pastures on both basicline and acidocline, nutrient-rich permanently or temporarily humid soils of middle European lowlands, hills and low mountains under Atlantic or sub-Atlantic climatic conditions, from the British Isles and northwestern Iberia east to the Baltic States, the western Carpathians and Illyrian region. Among the characteristic plant components of the highly diverse communities forming this unit are Caltha palustris, Cirsium palustre, Cirsium rivulare, Cirsium oleraceum, Carduus personata, Telekia speciosa, Epilobium parviflorum, Lychnis flos-cuculi, Mentha aquatica, Scirpus sylvaticus, Stachys palustris, Bromus racemosus, Crepis paludosa, Fritillaria meleagris, Geum rivale, Polygonum bistorta, Senecio aquaticus, Trollius europaeus, Lotus uliginosus, Trifolium dubium, Equisetum palustre, Equisetum telmateia, Myosotis palustris, Deschampsia cespitosa, Angelica sylvestris, Oenanthe silaifolia, Gratiola officinalis, Inula salicina, Succisella inflexa, Dactylorhiza majalis, Ranunculus acris, Rumex acetosa, Holcus lanatus, Alopecurus pratensis, Festuca pratensis, Festuca gigantea, Juncus effusus, Juncus filiformis and Carex cespitosa.
Taxons (Liens actifs si espèces présentes)
Alopecurus pratensis L., 1753, Angelica sylvestris L., 1753, Bromus racemosus L., 1762, Caltha palustris L., 1753, Carduus personata (L.) Jacq., 1776, Carex cespitosa Gooden., 1794, Cirsium oleraceum (L.) Scop., 1769, Cirsium palustre (L.) Scop., 1772, Cirsium rivulare Link, 1822, Crepis paludosa (L.) Moench, 1794, Dactylorhiza majalis (Rchb.) P.F.Hunt & Summerh., 1965, Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) P.Beauv., 1812, Epilobium parviflorum Schreb., 1771, Equisetum palustre L., 1753, Equisetum telmateia Ehrh., 1783, Festuca gigantea (L.) Vill., 1787, Festuca pratensis Huds., 1762, Fritillaria meleagris L., 1753, Geum rivale L., 1753, Gratiola officinalis L., 1753, Holcus lanatus L., 1753, Inula salicina L., 1753, Juncus effusus L., 1753, Juncus filiformis L., 1753, Lotus uliginosus Schkuhr, 1796, Lychnis flos-cuculi L., 1753, Mentha aquatica L., 1753, Myosotis palustris (L.) Hill, 1770 [ison.], Oenanthe silaifolia M.Bieb., 1819, Polygonum bistorta L., 1753, Ranunculus acris L., 1753, Rumex acetosa L., 1753 [nom. et typ. cons.], Scirpus sylvaticus L., 1753, Stachys palustris L., 1753, Succisella inflexa (Kluk) Beck, 1893, Telekia speciosa (Schreb.) Baumg., 1816, Trifolium dubium Sibth., 1794, Trollius europaeus L., 1753,
E3.418 - Niveau 5 : Prairies à Jonc à tépales obtus
Description
Calciphile wet meadows of Western Europe, Central Europe and northwestern Eastern Europe, northeast at least to Estonia, dominated by or rich in Juncus subnodulosus, characteristic of very wet calcareous soils or soils flushed by calcareous waters, transitional to the small sedge fens of the Caricion davallianae (unit D4.1), surviving mostly in the British Isles, in the Alpine foothills, in the moraine land of northern Germany, in chalk hills of northwestern Germany, in northern Jutland, on Fyn, in southern and central Scania, on Åland, in wet dune slacks of the Atlantic and North Sea seaboard of the continent of Europe; many formations are rather oligotrophic and could equally be listed under unit E3.5. Typical of these communities are the Juncus subnodulosus-Cirsium palustre fen-meadows, widespread in the southern British lowlands, particularly in East Anglia, north Buckinghamshire and Angelsey, rich in Juncus subnodulosus, Cirsium palustre, Equisetum palustre, Filipendula ulmaria, Holcus lanatus, Lotus uliginosus, Mentha aquatica, Caliergon cuspidatum; a characteristically variable species-rich cortège, influenced by the various grazing and mowing routines the meadows are subjected to, may include, among others, Trifolium spp., Briza media, Carex elata, Iris pseudacorus, Molinia caerulea, Dactylorhiza fuchsii, Dactylorhiza praetermissa, Dactylorhiza incarnata. Also particularly characteristic are the Juncus subnodulosus formations that succeed fen communities of unit D4.1 in the colonization of coastal wet dune slacks.
Taxons (Liens actifs si espèces présentes)
Briza media L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Calliergon cuspidatum (Hedw.) Kindb., 1894 ( Esp. caract. )
Carex elata All., 1785 ( Esp. caract. )
Cirsium palustre (L.) Scop., 1772 ( Esp. caract. )
Dactylorhiza fuchsii (Druce) Soó, 1962 ( Esp. caract. )
Dactylorhiza incarnata (L.) Soó, 1962 ( Esp. caract. )
Dactylorhiza praetermissa (Druce) Soó, 1962 ( Esp. caract. )
Equisetum palustre L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim., 1879 ( Esp. caract. )
Holcus lanatus L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Iris pseudacorus L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Juncus subnodulosus Schrank, 1789 ( Esp. caract. )
Lotus uliginosus Schkuhr, 1796 ( Esp. caract. )
Mentha aquatica L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench, 1794 ( Esp. caract. )
Trifolium L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Calliergon cuspidatum (Hedw.) Kindb., 1894 ( Esp. caract. )
Carex elata All., 1785 ( Esp. caract. )
Cirsium palustre (L.) Scop., 1772 ( Esp. caract. )
Dactylorhiza fuchsii (Druce) Soó, 1962 ( Esp. caract. )
Dactylorhiza incarnata (L.) Soó, 1962 ( Esp. caract. )
Dactylorhiza praetermissa (Druce) Soó, 1962 ( Esp. caract. )
Equisetum palustre L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim., 1879 ( Esp. caract. )
Holcus lanatus L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Iris pseudacorus L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Juncus subnodulosus Schrank, 1789 ( Esp. caract. )
Lotus uliginosus Schkuhr, 1796 ( Esp. caract. )
Mentha aquatica L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench, 1794 ( Esp. caract. )
Trifolium L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Analyse Ecologie du milieu (En fonction des espèces présentes)
Faible
Forte
— nb espèces indicatrices par classe
Humidité
Réaction du sol (pH)
Nutriments
Lumière
Matière organique
Granulométrie
Salinité