Mostly closed Carex curvula, Festuca spp., Oreochloa spp. or Juncus trifidus grasslands on siliceous soils of the alpine level of the Alps, the Carpathians and the Pyrenees, with very local outposts in the great Hercynian ranges and the Cantabrian Range. Androsace obtusifolia, Androsace carnea ssp. laggeri, Campanula barbata, Juncus jacquinii, Juncus trifidus, Silene exscapa, Gentiana alpina, Achillea erba-rotta, Euphrasia minima, Luzula lutea, Luzula spicata, Luzula hispanica, Lychnis alpina, Minuartia recurva, Minuartia sedoides, Pedicularis kerneri, Pedicularis pyrenaica, Phyteuma globulariifolium, Phyteuma hemisphaericum, Potentilla frigida, Armeria alpina, Senecio incanus, Trifolium alpinum, Veronica bellidioides, Ranunculus pyrenaeus are characteristic.