Dense thickets of bushy alders characteristic of the Alps, the Carpathians, the Dinarides, the Balkan Range, Vitosha, Rila, Corsica and the mountains of northeastern Asia. Alders (e.g. Alnus viridis) are accompanied by shruby willows Salix waldsteiniana, Salix appendiculata, Salix elaeagnos, Salix purpurea etc. and tall herbs.