Thermophile Juniperus nana-dominated heaths of the upper levels, mostly of the subalpine or equivalent levels, of the Alps, mostly in the central and southern chains, of the northern and central Apennines, the Corsican and Sardinian mountains, the Forez, the Pyrenees, the Carpathians, the Dinarides, the Balkan Range, the Rhodopide Mountains, the Moeso-Macedonian Mountains, the Caucasus, the high mountains of the Iberian and Hellenic peninsulas, the Pontic Range, the Taurus, the Himalayan system, the temperate Far Eastern mountains.