Abies alba and Abies alba-Picea abies forests developed on acid soils of the Alps, the Dinarides, the Carpathians, the Pyrenees, the Jura, the Hercynian ranges and the northern Apennines, within the biogeographical range of beech forests of the Fagion medio-europaeum, of the Fagion illyricum or of the Fagion dacicum.
Oligotrophic fir and fir-spruce forests of the intermediate or inner Alps, with Luzula nivea, Vaccinium myrtillus, Calamagrostis villosa, Festuca flavescens, Saxifraga cuneifolia.