Calcareous cliff and rock communities of the Alps and the Carpathians, of lesser satellite ranges and of sub-Mediterranean areas of the northern Tyrrhenian periphery. Dominant species include ferns Asplenium ruta-muraria, Asplenium trichomanes, Asplenium viride, Cystopteris fragilis, Gymnocarpium robertianum, vascular plants (e.g.Saxifraga paniculata) and mosses.
Communities of shady, cool, often moist rockfaces of the Alps and neighbouring regions, of the Carpathians, of the Jura, the Hercynian ranges, the British Isles, with many ferns, including Cystopteris fragilis, Cystopteris regia, Asplenium viride, Asplenium scolopendrium, Asplenium trichomanes, and with Carex brachystachys.