Luxuriant tall herb formations of deep, humid soils in the montane to alpine, but mostly subalpine, levels of the higher mountains, with Cicerbita alpina, Cicerbita alpina plumieri, Cirsium helenioides, Cirsium spinosissimum, Cirsium flavispina, Geranium sylvaticum, Polygonatum verticillatum, Ranunculus platanifolius, Aconitum vulparia, Aconitum napellus, Aconitum nevadense, Adenostyles alliariae, Senecio elodes, Veratrum album, Trollius europaeus, Peucedanum ostruthium, Doronicum austriacum, Pedicularis foliosa, Eryngium alpinum, Leuzea rhapontica (Centaurea rhapontica), Valeriana pyrenaica, Tozzia alpina.