Communities of calcareous springs, flushes, seeps or parts of spring systems of nemoral and boreal Europe in which, alongside an abundant representation of bryophytes, assemblages of small dicots or sedges contribute significantly to the formation's appearance. Mosses of genus Cratoneuron usually remain the main bryophyte component, and there may be a modest amount of tufa encrustation and deposition. Characteristic vascular species include, in particular, Cochlearia pyrenaica, Arabis soyeri, Pinguicula vulgaris, Saxifraga aizoides, and fen species belonging to the cortège of the Caricetalia davallianae.