Beech forests of dry slopes of firm limestone or dolomite of the montane, submontane, and sometimes, collinar or planitiar, levels of the Alps and pre-Alps, of the Jura and, locally, of the Hercynian arc, of the southwestern Western Carpathians (Strazov range) and the Germano-Baltic plain (Rügen), with an often gnarled and open growth of trees and an herb layer dominated by the tussocks of Sesleria caerulea.