Generally low forests and woods characteristic of superficial calcareous soils on often steep sunny slopes of Hercynian southern central Germany, southern Belgium and eastern France, with Quercus robur (usually dominant), Quercus petraea, Tilia platyphyllos, Fraxinus excelsior, Carpinus betulus, Acer campestre, Corylus avellana, Cornus sanguinea, Cornus mas, Crataegus laevigata, Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa, Euonymus europaeus, Ligustrum vulgare, Viburnum lantana, Daphne laureola, Primula veris, Viola hirta, Mercurialis perennis, Scilla bifolia, Orchis mascula, Carex digitata, Carex montana.