Forests of Quercus robur, sometimes Quercus petraea, rich in Fraxinus excelsior, with Carpinus betulus, developed on more or less wet, meso-eutrophic soils, in regions of moderate Atlantic influence, from southern Champagne and Lorraine north to lower Rhenania, Westphalia and Hanover, characterized by the abundance of species of the ecological groups of Primula elatior, of Lamium galeobdolon, of Anemone nemorosa and by the absence of Hyacinthoides non-scripta.
Typical neutrocline and acidocline Quercus robur-Fraxinus excelsior forests with primrose, developed on silts, marls and clays, characterized by the presence of the ecological group of Arum maculatum, including Ranunculus ficaria, Ranunculus auricomus, Adoxa moschatellina, Ribes rubrum, Glechoma hederacea, Listera ovata, or of the group of Galium odoratum, with Rosa arvensis, Mercurialis perennis, Sanicula europaea, Melica uniflora, Ornithogalum pyrenaicum, or by the abundance of Lamium galeobdolon.