High-altitude fir forests characteristic of north facing slopes (ubac) of the Pyrenees and southwestern Alps, outside of the range of spruce, with Rhododendron ferrugineum, Vaccinium myrtillus, Homogyne alpina, Festuca flavescens.
Fir forests of the lower subalpine level of the western Alps, with Rhododendron ferrugineum, Vaccinium myrtillus, Homogyne alpina, Lonicera caerulea, Festuca flavescens, Huperzia selago.