Unvegetated, sparsely vegetated, and bryophyte- or lichen-vegetated cliffs, rock faces and rock pavements, not presently adjacent to the sea, and not resulting from recent volcanic activity. Parts of seacliffs free from the influence of wave or wind transported marine salt are included. Rock accumulations resulting from depositional processes are excluded and listed under H2 or H5.
Rocks and outcrops colonized by pioneer communities, especially of Crassulaceae. The substrates are mostly siliceous, occurring in the alpine or montane levels of higher mountains of the nemoral zone. The communities are dominated by succulent Sempervivum arachnoideum ssp. arachnoideum, Sempervivum arachnoideum ssp. tomentosum, Sempervivum montanum ssp. montanum, Sempervivum montanum ssp. stiriacum, Sempervivum wulfenii, Jovibarba arenaria, Sedum montanum, Sedum anglicum ssp. pyrenaicum, Sedum sexangulare, Sedum album, Sedum annuum, Saxifraga aspera, accompanied by Silene rupestris, Scleranthus polycarpos, Veronica fruticans, Thymus praecox ssp. polytrichus, Viola tricolor ssp. saxatilis, by small crucifers, lichens and mosses.