⌘K
Biotope - Typologie CORINE
41.1 - Niveau 3 : Hêtraies
Description
Forests dominated by Fagus sylvatica or, in Greece, F. orientalis or F. moesiaca. Many montane formations are beech-fir or beech-fir-spruce forests, to be noted as 43 (mixed forests), but with the suffixes below; they are discussed with the corresponding deciduous forest.
Taxons (Liens actifs si espèces présentes)
41.16 - Niveau 4 : Hêtraies sur calcaire
Description
Xero-thermophile medio-European and Atlantic forests on calcareous, often superficial, soils, usually of steep slopes, with a generally abundant herb and shrub undergrowth, characterized by sedges (Carex digitata, C. flacca, C. montana, C. alba), grasses (Sesleria albicans, Brachypodium pinnatum), orchids (Cephalanthera spp., Neottia nidus-avis, Epipactis leptochila, E. microphylla) and thermophile species, transgressive of the Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae. The bush-layer includes several calcicolous species (Ligustrum vulgare, Berberis vulgaris) and Buxus sempervirens can dominate.
Taxons (Liens actifs si espèces présentes)
Abies alba Mill., 1768 ( Comb. caract. )
Acer campestre L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Acer monspessulanum L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Acer opalus Mill., 1768 ( Comb. caract. )
Acer pseudoplatanus L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Amelanchier ovalis Medik., 1793 ( Comb. caract. )
Anemone hepatica L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Anthericum ramosum L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Aquilegia atrata W.D.J.Koch, 1830 ( Comb. caract. )
Asarum europaeum L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Asplenium ruta-muraria L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Aster alpinus L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Astragalus glycyphyllos L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Astragalus monspessulanus L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Astragalus sempervirens Lam., 1783 ( Comb. caract. )
Bellidiastrum michelii Cass., 1817 ( Comb. caract. )
Brachypodium pinnatum (L.) P.Beauv., 1812 ( Comb. caract. )
Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) P.Beauv., 1812 ( Comb. caract. )
Bromopsis benekenii (Lange) Holub, 1973 ( Comb. caract. )
Bromopsis ramosa (Huds.) Holub, 1973 ( Comb. caract. )
Buphthalmum salicifolium L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Buxus sempervirens L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Calamagrostis varia (Schrad.) Host, 1809 ( Comb. caract. )
Campanula medium L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Campanula persicifolia L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Campanula rotundifolia L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Cardamine pratensis L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Carduus carlinifolius Lam., 1785 ( Comb. caract. )
Carduus defloratus L., 1759 ( Comb. caract. )
Carex alba Scop., 1772 ( Comb. caract. )
Carex digitata L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Carex flacca Schreb., 1771 ( Comb. caract. )
Carex montana L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Carex ornithopoda Willd., 1805 ( Comb. caract. )
Carex sempervirens Vill., 1787 ( Comb. caract. )
Carex sylvatica Huds., 1762 ( Comb. caract. )
Carpinus betulus L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Cephalanthera damasonium (Mill.) Druce, 1906 ( Comb. caract. )
Cephalanthera longifolia (L.) Fritsch, 1888 ( Comb. caract. )
Cephalanthera rubra (L.) Rich., 1817 ( Comb. caract. )
Clematis vitalba L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Clinopodium alpinum (L.) Kuntze, 1891 ( Comb. caract. )
Clinopodium grandiflorum (L.) Kuntze, 1891 ( Comb. caract. )
Clinopodium vulgare L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Convallaria majalis L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Corallorhiza trifida Châtel., 1760 ( Comb. caract. )
Cornus mas L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Cornus sanguinea L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Coronilla varia L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Cotoneaster integerrimus Medik., 1793 ( Comb. caract. )
Cotoneaster tomentosus (Aiton) Lindl., 1822 ( Comb. caract. )
Crataegus monogyna Jacq., 1775 ( Comb. caract. )
Cyanus montanus (L.) Hill, 1768 ( Comb. caract. )
Cypripedium calceolus L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Cytisophyllum sessilifolium (L.) O.Lang, 1843 ( Comb. caract. )
Daphne laureola L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Daphne mezereum L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Digitalis lutea L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Digitalis micrantha Roth ex Schweigg., 1812 ( Comb. caract. )
Dioscorea communis (L.) Caddick & Wilkin, 2002 ( Comb. caract. )
Epipactis atrorubens (Hoffm.) Besser, 1809 ( Comb. caract. )
Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz, 1769 ( Comb. caract. )
Epipactis microphylla (Ehrh.) Sw., 1800 ( Comb. caract. )
Erica vagans L., 1770 [nom. et typ. cons.] ( Comb. caract. )
Euphorbia amygdaloides L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Euphorbia dulcis L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Fagus sylvatica L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Festuca heterophylla Lam., 1779 ( Comb. caract. )
Fragaria viridis Weston, 1771 ( Comb. caract. )
Fraxinus ornus L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Galium mollugo L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Galium obliquum Vill., 1785 [ison.] ( Comb. caract. )
Galium odoratum (L.) Scop., 1771 ( Comb. caract. )
Geranium nodosum L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Hedera helix L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Helictotrichon sedenense (Clarion ex DC.) Holub, 1970 ( Comb. caract. )
Helleborus foetidus L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Helleborus viridis L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Hepatica nobilis Schreb., 1771 ( Comb. caract. )
Hieracium murorum L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Hippocrepis emerus (L.) Lassen, 1989 ( Comb. caract. )
Hypericum montanum L., 1755 ( Comb. caract. )
Juniperus communis L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Juniperus communis subsp. nana Syme, 1868 ( Comb. caract. )
Knautia dipsacifolia Kreutzer, 1840 ( Comb. caract. )
Laserpitium latifolium L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Laserpitium nestleri Soy.-Will., 1828 ( Comb. caract. )
Lathyrus vernus (L.) Bernh., 1800 ( Comb. caract. )
Lavandula angustifolia Mill., 1768 ( Comb. caract. )
Leucanthemum adustum (W.D.J.Koch) Gremli, 1898 ( Comb. caract. )
Ligustrum vulgare L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Lonicera alpigena L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Lonicera caprifolium L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Lonicera xylosteum L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Luzula nivea (Nathh.) DC., 1805 ( Comb. caract. )
Melampyrum subalpinum (Jur.) A.Kern., 1863 ( Comb. caract. )
Melica nutans L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Melittis melissophyllum L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Mercurialis perennis L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Muscari comosum (L.) Mill., 1768 ( Comb. caract. )
Neottia nidus-avis (L.) Rich., 1817 ( Comb. caract. )
Neottia ovata (L.) Bluff & Fingerh., 1837 ( Comb. caract. )
Noccaea montana (L.) F.K.Mey., 1973 ( Comb. caract. )
Ophrys insectifera L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Orchis purpurea Huds., 1762 ( Comb. caract. )
Ostrya carpinifolia Scop., 1771 ( Comb. caract. )
Paeonia mascula (L.) Mill., 1768 ( Comb. caract. )
Phyteuma spicatum L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Pinus mugo subsp. uncinata (Ramond ex DC.) Domin, 1935 ( Comb. caract. )
Pinus sylvestris L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Platanthera bifolia (L.) Rich., 1817 ( Comb. caract. )
Poa balbisii Parl., 1850 ( Comb. caract. )
Poa nemoralis L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Polygala chamaebuxus L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce, 1906 ( Comb. caract. )
Prenanthes purpurea L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Primula acaulis (L.) Hill, 1765 ( Comb. caract. )
Primula veris L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Primula vulgaris Huds., 1762 ( Comb. caract. )
Prunus mahaleb L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Pulmonaria angustifolia auct. non L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl., 1784 ( Comb. caract. )
Quercus pubescens Willd., 1796 [nom. et typ. cons.] ( Comb. caract. )
Rhamnus alpina L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Rosa arvensis Huds., 1762 ( Comb. caract. )
Rosa pendulina L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Rosa vosagiaca N.H.F.Desp., 1828 ( Comb. caract. )
Rubia peregrina L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Rubus saxatilis L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Sanicula europaea L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Saxifraga cuneifolia L., 1759 ( Comb. caract. )
Saxifraga hirsuta L., 1759 ( Comb. caract. )
Senecio doronicum (L.) L., 1759 ( Comb. caract. )
Sesleria caerulea (L.) Ard., 1763 ( Comb. caract. )
Solidago virgaurea L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Sorbus aria (L.) Crantz, 1763 ( Comb. caract. )
Sorbus latifolia (Lam.) Pers., 1806 ( Comb. caract. )
Sorbus remensis Cornier, 2009 ( Comb. caract. )
Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz, 1763 ( Comb. caract. )
Sorbus x confusa Gremli, 1883 ( Comb. caract. )
Symphytum tuberosum L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Tanacetum corymbosum (L.) Sch.Bip., 1844 ( Comb. caract. )
Taxus baccata L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Teucrium chamaedrys L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Teucrium lucidum L., 1759 ( Comb. caract. )
Teucrium montanum L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Teucrium scorodonia L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Thesium alpinum L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Thesium bavarum Schrank, 1786 ( Comb. caract. )
Valeriana montana L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Viburnum lantana L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Viburnum opulus L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Medik., 1790 ( Comb. caract. )
Viola riviniana Rchb., 1823 ( Comb. caract. )
Acer campestre L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Acer monspessulanum L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Acer opalus Mill., 1768 ( Comb. caract. )
Acer pseudoplatanus L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Amelanchier ovalis Medik., 1793 ( Comb. caract. )
Anemone hepatica L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Anthericum ramosum L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Aquilegia atrata W.D.J.Koch, 1830 ( Comb. caract. )
Asarum europaeum L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Asplenium ruta-muraria L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Aster alpinus L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Astragalus glycyphyllos L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Astragalus monspessulanus L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Astragalus sempervirens Lam., 1783 ( Comb. caract. )
Bellidiastrum michelii Cass., 1817 ( Comb. caract. )
Brachypodium pinnatum (L.) P.Beauv., 1812 ( Comb. caract. )
Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) P.Beauv., 1812 ( Comb. caract. )
Bromopsis benekenii (Lange) Holub, 1973 ( Comb. caract. )
Bromopsis ramosa (Huds.) Holub, 1973 ( Comb. caract. )
Buphthalmum salicifolium L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Buxus sempervirens L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Calamagrostis varia (Schrad.) Host, 1809 ( Comb. caract. )
Campanula medium L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Campanula persicifolia L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Campanula rotundifolia L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Cardamine pratensis L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Carduus carlinifolius Lam., 1785 ( Comb. caract. )
Carduus defloratus L., 1759 ( Comb. caract. )
Carex alba Scop., 1772 ( Comb. caract. )
Carex digitata L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Carex flacca Schreb., 1771 ( Comb. caract. )
Carex montana L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Carex ornithopoda Willd., 1805 ( Comb. caract. )
Carex sempervirens Vill., 1787 ( Comb. caract. )
Carex sylvatica Huds., 1762 ( Comb. caract. )
Carpinus betulus L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Cephalanthera damasonium (Mill.) Druce, 1906 ( Comb. caract. )
Cephalanthera longifolia (L.) Fritsch, 1888 ( Comb. caract. )
Cephalanthera rubra (L.) Rich., 1817 ( Comb. caract. )
Clematis vitalba L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Clinopodium alpinum (L.) Kuntze, 1891 ( Comb. caract. )
Clinopodium grandiflorum (L.) Kuntze, 1891 ( Comb. caract. )
Clinopodium vulgare L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Convallaria majalis L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Corallorhiza trifida Châtel., 1760 ( Comb. caract. )
Cornus mas L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Cornus sanguinea L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Coronilla varia L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Cotoneaster integerrimus Medik., 1793 ( Comb. caract. )
Cotoneaster tomentosus (Aiton) Lindl., 1822 ( Comb. caract. )
Crataegus monogyna Jacq., 1775 ( Comb. caract. )
Cyanus montanus (L.) Hill, 1768 ( Comb. caract. )
Cypripedium calceolus L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Cytisophyllum sessilifolium (L.) O.Lang, 1843 ( Comb. caract. )
Daphne laureola L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Daphne mezereum L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Digitalis lutea L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Digitalis micrantha Roth ex Schweigg., 1812 ( Comb. caract. )
Dioscorea communis (L.) Caddick & Wilkin, 2002 ( Comb. caract. )
Epipactis atrorubens (Hoffm.) Besser, 1809 ( Comb. caract. )
Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz, 1769 ( Comb. caract. )
Epipactis microphylla (Ehrh.) Sw., 1800 ( Comb. caract. )
Erica vagans L., 1770 [nom. et typ. cons.] ( Comb. caract. )
Euphorbia amygdaloides L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Euphorbia dulcis L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Fagus sylvatica L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Festuca heterophylla Lam., 1779 ( Comb. caract. )
Fragaria viridis Weston, 1771 ( Comb. caract. )
Fraxinus ornus L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Galium mollugo L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Galium obliquum Vill., 1785 [ison.] ( Comb. caract. )
Galium odoratum (L.) Scop., 1771 ( Comb. caract. )
Geranium nodosum L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Hedera helix L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Helictotrichon sedenense (Clarion ex DC.) Holub, 1970 ( Comb. caract. )
Helleborus foetidus L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Helleborus viridis L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Hepatica nobilis Schreb., 1771 ( Comb. caract. )
Hieracium murorum L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Hippocrepis emerus (L.) Lassen, 1989 ( Comb. caract. )
Hypericum montanum L., 1755 ( Comb. caract. )
Juniperus communis L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Juniperus communis subsp. nana Syme, 1868 ( Comb. caract. )
Knautia dipsacifolia Kreutzer, 1840 ( Comb. caract. )
Laserpitium latifolium L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Laserpitium nestleri Soy.-Will., 1828 ( Comb. caract. )
Lathyrus vernus (L.) Bernh., 1800 ( Comb. caract. )
Lavandula angustifolia Mill., 1768 ( Comb. caract. )
Leucanthemum adustum (W.D.J.Koch) Gremli, 1898 ( Comb. caract. )
Ligustrum vulgare L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Lonicera alpigena L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Lonicera caprifolium L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Lonicera xylosteum L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Luzula nivea (Nathh.) DC., 1805 ( Comb. caract. )
Melampyrum subalpinum (Jur.) A.Kern., 1863 ( Comb. caract. )
Melica nutans L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Melittis melissophyllum L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Mercurialis perennis L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Muscari comosum (L.) Mill., 1768 ( Comb. caract. )
Neottia nidus-avis (L.) Rich., 1817 ( Comb. caract. )
Neottia ovata (L.) Bluff & Fingerh., 1837 ( Comb. caract. )
Noccaea montana (L.) F.K.Mey., 1973 ( Comb. caract. )
Ophrys insectifera L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Orchis purpurea Huds., 1762 ( Comb. caract. )
Ostrya carpinifolia Scop., 1771 ( Comb. caract. )
Paeonia mascula (L.) Mill., 1768 ( Comb. caract. )
Phyteuma spicatum L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Pinus mugo subsp. uncinata (Ramond ex DC.) Domin, 1935 ( Comb. caract. )
Pinus sylvestris L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Platanthera bifolia (L.) Rich., 1817 ( Comb. caract. )
Poa balbisii Parl., 1850 ( Comb. caract. )
Poa nemoralis L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Polygala chamaebuxus L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce, 1906 ( Comb. caract. )
Prenanthes purpurea L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Primula acaulis (L.) Hill, 1765 ( Comb. caract. )
Primula veris L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Primula vulgaris Huds., 1762 ( Comb. caract. )
Prunus mahaleb L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Pulmonaria angustifolia auct. non L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl., 1784 ( Comb. caract. )
Quercus pubescens Willd., 1796 [nom. et typ. cons.] ( Comb. caract. )
Rhamnus alpina L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Rosa arvensis Huds., 1762 ( Comb. caract. )
Rosa pendulina L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Rosa vosagiaca N.H.F.Desp., 1828 ( Comb. caract. )
Rubia peregrina L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Rubus saxatilis L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Sanicula europaea L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Saxifraga cuneifolia L., 1759 ( Comb. caract. )
Saxifraga hirsuta L., 1759 ( Comb. caract. )
Senecio doronicum (L.) L., 1759 ( Comb. caract. )
Sesleria caerulea (L.) Ard., 1763 ( Comb. caract. )
Solidago virgaurea L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Sorbus aria (L.) Crantz, 1763 ( Comb. caract. )
Sorbus latifolia (Lam.) Pers., 1806 ( Comb. caract. )
Sorbus remensis Cornier, 2009 ( Comb. caract. )
Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz, 1763 ( Comb. caract. )
Sorbus x confusa Gremli, 1883 ( Comb. caract. )
Symphytum tuberosum L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Tanacetum corymbosum (L.) Sch.Bip., 1844 ( Comb. caract. )
Taxus baccata L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Teucrium chamaedrys L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Teucrium lucidum L., 1759 ( Comb. caract. )
Teucrium montanum L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Teucrium scorodonia L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Thesium alpinum L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Thesium bavarum Schrank, 1786 ( Comb. caract. )
Valeriana montana L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Viburnum lantana L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Viburnum opulus L., 1753 ( Comb. caract. )
Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Medik., 1790 ( Comb. caract. )
Viola riviniana Rchb., 1823 ( Comb. caract. )
Analyse Ecologie du milieu (En fonction des espèces présentes)
Faible
Forte
— nb espèces indicatrices par classe
Humidité
Réaction du sol (pH)
Nutriments
Lumière
Matière organique
Granulométrie
Salinité