Alpine and sub-alpine grasslands developed over crystalline rocks and other lime-deficient substrates or on decalcified soils of the calcareous ranges, with Armeria alpina, Armeria montana, Euphrasia minima, Gentiana alpina, Geum montanum, Juncus trifidus, Lychnis alpina, Pedicularis pyrenaica, Phyteuma hemisphaericum, Pulsatilla alpina ssp. sulfurea, Ranunculus pyrenaicus, Sempervivum montanum, Botrychium lunaria.
Mostly closed Carex curvula, Festuca spp., Oreochloa spp. or Juncus trifidus grasslands on siliceous soils of the alpine level of the Alps and the Pyrenees, with very local outposts in the great Hercynian ranges and the Cantabrian Range. Androsace obtusifolia, A. carnea ssp. laggeri, Campanula barbata, Juncus jacquinii, J. trifidus, Silene exscapa, Gentiana alpina, Achillea erba-rotta, Euphrasia minima, Luzula lutea, L. spicata, L. hispanica, Lychnis alpina, Minuartia recurva, M. sedoides, Pedicularis kerneri, P. pyrenaica, Phyteuma globulariifolium, Ph. hemisphaericum, Potentilla frigida, Armeria alpina, Senecio incanus, Trifolium alpinum, Veronica bellidioides, Ranunculus pyrenaicus are characteristic.