Gushing springs (rheocrenes,), spring basins (limnocrenes) and seepages (helocrenes) and the communities closely associated with them and dependant on the peculiar microclimatic and hydrological situation created by the spring. These comprise the specialized spring communities (Montio-Cardaminetea) as well as the fen communities (Caricetalia davallianae, 54.2, Caricetalia fuscae, 54.4) or other communities (Caricion bicoloris-atrofuscae, 54.3, Festuco-Brometea, 34.3) ), that are interwoven with them.