Permanent water courses with non-turbulent water and their associated animal and microscopic algal pelagic and benthic communities. Slow-flowing rivers, streams, brooks, rivulets and rills; also fast-flowing rivers with laminar flow. The bed is typically composed of sand or mud. Features of the river bed, uncovered by low water or permanently emerging, such as sand or mud islands and bars are treated as the littoral zone (C3). Includes mid and low-altitude streams as defined by the Water Framework Directive.
Euhydrophyte communities of Palaearctic streams moderately rich in nutrients, characterized in particular by Berula erecta (Sium erectum), Mentha aquatica f. submersa, Potamogeton perfoliatus, Potamogeton natans, Groenlandia densa, Ranunculus peltatus, Ranunculus penicillatus, Ranunculus trichophyllus, Ranunculus fluitans, Ranunculus aquatilis, Callitriche truncata, Callitriche stagnalis, Nymphaea alba, Myriophyllum spicatum.