Closed, dry or mesophile, perennial grasslands occupying acid soils in Atlantic or sub-Atlantic lowland to montane regions of northern Europe, middle Europe and western Iberia, with Nardus stricta, Festuca filiformis (Festuca tenuifolia), Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Agrostis capillaris, Danthonia decumbens, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia flexuosa, Poa angustifolia, Galium saxatile, Polygala vulgaris, Viola canina, Meum athamanticum, Arnica montana, Centaurea nigra, Dianthus deltoides, Gentianella campestris, Chamaespartium sagittale, Jasione laevis, Potentilla erecta, Carex pilulifera. Any of the grasses listed can dominate or codominate distinctive facies; Calamagrostis epigejos or Carex arenaria also can invade and dominate some formations.