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Biotopes & milieux

Biotope - Typologie Européenne EUNIS

E1.2 - Niveau 3 : Pelouses calcaires vivaces et steppes riches en bases
Description
Perennial grasslands, often nutrient-poor and species-rich, on calcareous and other basic soils of the nemoral and steppe zones and of adjacent parts of the subboreal and submediterranean zones. Includes the calcareous grasslands of central and western Europe, alvar grasslands of the Baltic region, and basic grasslands of the steppe zone. Vegetation communities of Festuco-Brometea.
Taxons (Liens actifs si espèces présentes)
E1.26 - Niveau 4 : Pelouses semi-sèches calcaires subatlantiques
Description
More or less mesophile, closed formations dominated by perennial, tuft-forming grasses, colonizing relatively deep, mostly calcareous soils. Generally species-rich, these communities may be overwhelmed by the highly social Brachypodium pinnatum.Their range extends from the British Isles, Denmark, the Low Countries and northern Germany to the Cantabric range, the Pyrenees, Catalonia, the southern Alps and the Central Apennines, extending east to the Bohemian Quadrangle, beyond which they are replaced by the vicariant formations of the Cirsio-Brachypodion, to the Wienerwald, Styria and Illyria. Bromus erectus and Brachypodium pinnatum often dominate, other grasses include Koeleria pyramidata, Festuca guestfalica, Festuca rupicola, Festuca lemanii, Avenula pubescens, Sesleria albicans, Briza media, Carex caryophyllea and Carex flacca. Herbs: Gentianella germanica, Trifolium montanum, Ononis repens, Medicago lupulina, Ranunculus bulbosus, Cirsium acaule, Euphrasia stricta, Dianthus deltoides, Potentilla neumanniana (Potentilla tabernaemontani, Potentilla verna), Anthyllis vulneraria, Galium verum, Euphorbia brittingeri (Euphorbia verrucosa), Hippocrepis comosa, Scabiosa columbaria, Centaurea scabiosa, Carlina vulgaris, Viola hirta, and numerous orchid species. Forming a bridge between the Mediterranean region and thermophile sites to the north, they can be identified by their high representation of Mediterranean species in the north and of Euro-Siberian ones in the south.
Taxons (Liens actifs si espèces présentes)
Anthyllis vulneraria L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Avenula pubescens (Huds.) Dumort., 1868 ( Esp. caract. )
Brachypodium pinnatum (L.) P.Beauv., 1812 ( Esp. caract. )
Briza media L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Bromus erectus Huds., 1762 ( Esp. caract. )
Carex caryophyllea J.F.Gmel., 1791 [nom. illeg. hom.] ( Esp. caract. )
Carex flacca Schreb., 1771 ( Esp. caract. )
Carlina vulgaris L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Centaurea scabiosa L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Cirsium acaule (L.) All., 1780 ( Esp. caract. )
Dianthus deltoides L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Euphorbia brittingeri Opiz ex Samp., 1914 ( Esp. caract. )
Euphorbia verrucosa L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Euphrasia stricta Host, 1831 ( Esp. caract. )
Festuca guestfalica Boenn. ex Rchb., 1830 ( Esp. caract. )
Festuca lemanii Bastard, 1809 ( Esp. caract. )
Festuca rupicola Heuff., 1858 ( Esp. caract. )
Galium verum L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Gentianella germanica (Willd.) Börner, 1912 ( Esp. caract. )
Hippocrepis comosa L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Koeleria pyramidata (Lam.) P.Beauv., 1812 ( Esp. caract. )
Medicago lupulina L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Ononis repens L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Potentilla neumanniana Rchb., 1832 ( Esp. caract. )
Potentilla tabernaemontani Asch., 1891 ( Esp. caract. )
Potentilla verna L., 1753 [nom. et typ. cons.] ( Esp. caract. )
Ranunculus bulbosus L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Scabiosa columbaria L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Sesleria albicans Kit. ex Schult., 1814 ( Esp. caract. )
Trifolium montanum L., 1753 [p. 772] [nom. illeg. hom.] ( Esp. caract. )
Viola hirta L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Analyse Ecologie du milieu (En fonction des espèces présentes)
Faible
Forte — nb espèces indicatrices par classe
Humidité
Réaction du sol (pH)
Nutriments
Lumière
Matière organique
Granulométrie
Salinité