OmniBota — Milieux

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Biotope - Typologie Européenne EUNIS

D4.1 - Niveau 3 : Bas-marais riches en bases, y compris les bas-marais eutrophes à hautes herbes, suintements et ruissellements calcaires

Description

Wetlands and spring-mires, seasonally or permanently waterlogged, with a soligenous or topogenous base-rich, often calcareous water supply. Peat formation, when it occurs, depends on a permanently high watertable. Rich fens may be dominated by small or larger graminoids (Carex spp., Eleocharis spp., Juncus spp., Molinia caerulea, Phragmites australis, Schoenus spp., Sesleria spp.) or tall herbs (e.g. Eupatorium cannabinum). Where the water is base-rich but nutrient-poor, small sedges usually dominate the mire vegetation, together with a "brown moss" carpet. Hard-water spring mires (D4.1N) often contain tufa cones and other tufa deposits. Excluded is the water body of hard-water springs (C2.1); calcareous flushes of the alpine zone are a separate category (D4.2). Rich fens are exceptionally endowed with spectacular, specialised, strictly restricted species. They are among the habitats that have undergone the most serious decline. They are essentially extinct in several regions and gravely endangered in much of central and western Europe.

Taxons (Liens actifs si espèces présentes)

Artemisia sp., Arthrocnemum sp., Corallinaceae sp., Corallinaceae sp., Corallinaceae sp., Corallinaceae sp., Crisiidae sp., Didemnidae sp., Eleocharis sp., Elymus sp., Halocnemum sp., Lotus sp., Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud., 1840, Schoenus L., 1753, Spergularia sp., Tofieldia calyculata (L.) Wahlenb., 1812, Trifolium sp., Zygophyllum sp.,

D4.13 - Niveau 4 : Bas-marais subcontinentaux à Carex davalliana

Description

Diverse, often extensive, calcareous fen communities of Central Europe, with Carex davalliana, Carex hostiana, Carex lepidocarpa, Carex capillaris, Carex panicea, Carex nigra, Carex demissa, Carex flava, Carex pulicaris, Eriophorum latifolium, Blysmus compressus, Schoenus ferrugineus, Eleocharis quinqueflora, Juncus articulatus, Juncus subnodulosus, Scirpus cespitosus, Molinia caerulea, Tofieldia calyculata, Allium schoenoprasum, Potentilla erecta, Swertia perennis, Primula farinosa, Parnassia palustris, Pinguicula vulgaris and a moss layer often dominated by brown mosses. They have their greatest species diversity in Alpine and peri-Alpine regions, and are represented by impoverished outlyers north to the middle European Hercynian system. Small sedges are usually abundant and dominance may be mixed or achieved by species of genus Carex, in particular, Carex davalliana, by Eriophorum latifolium or by Scirpus cespitosus. Vegetation of alliances Caricion davallianae and Sphagno warnstorfiani-Tomenthypnion.

Taxons (Liens actifs si espèces présentes)

Analyse Ecologie du milieu (En fonction des espèces présentes)

Faible

Forte — nb espèces indicatrices par classe

Humidité

Réaction du sol (pH)

Nutriments

Lumière

Matière organique

Granulométrie

Salinité

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