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Biotope - Typologie Européenne EUNIS
D4.1 - Niveau 3 : Bas-marais riches en bases, y compris les bas-marais eutrophes à hautes herbes, suintements et ruissellements calcaires
Description
Wetlands and spring-mires, seasonally or permanently waterlogged, with a soligenous or topogenous base-rich, often calcareous water supply. Peat formation, when it occurs, depends on a permanently high watertable. Rich fens may be dominated by small or larger graminoids (Carex spp., Eleocharis spp., Juncus spp., Molinia caerulea, Phragmites australis, Schoenus spp., Sesleria spp.) or tall herbs (e.g. Eupatorium cannabinum). Where the water is base-rich but nutrient-poor, small sedges usually dominate the mire vegetation, together with a "brown moss" carpet. Hard-water spring mires (D4.1N) often contain tufa cones and other tufa deposits. Excluded is the water body of hard-water springs (C2.1); calcareous flushes of the alpine zone are a separate category (D4.2). Rich fens are exceptionally endowed with spectacular, specialised, strictly restricted species. They are among the habitats that have undergone the most serious decline. They are essentially extinct in several regions and gravely endangered in much of central and western Europe.
Taxons (Liens actifs si espèces présentes)
D4.18 - Niveau 4 : Bas-marais à Carex frigida
Description
Mostly subalpine formations dominated by Carex frigida, colonizing seepages and flushes on stony slopes of the Alps, the Pyrenees and the Black Forest, with Carex davalliana, Carex demissa, Carex panicea, Carex nigra, Juncus triglumis, Juncus castaneus, Blysmus compressus, Tofieldia calyculata, Parnassia palustris, Pinguicula vulgaris, Pinguicula grandiflora, Primula farinosa, Saxifraga aizoides, Campylium stellatum.
Taxons (Liens actifs si espèces présentes)
Blysmus compressus (L.) Panz. ex Link, 1827 ( Esp. caract. )
Campylium stellatum (Hedw.) Lange & C.E.O.Jensen ( Esp. caract. )
Carex davalliana Sm., 1800 ( Esp. caract. )
Carex demissa Vahl ex Hartm., 1820 [nom. illeg. hom.] ( Esp. caract. )
Carex frigida All., 1785 ( Esp. caract. )
Carex nigra All., 1785 ( Esp. caract. )
Carex panicea L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Juncus castaneus Clairv., 1811 ( Esp. caract. )
Juncus triglumis L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Parnassia palustris L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Pinguicula grandiflora Lam., 1789 ( Esp. caract. )
Pinguicula vulgaris L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Primula farinosa auct. non L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Saxifraga aizoides L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Tofieldia calyculata (L.) Wahlenb., 1812 ( Esp. caract. )
Campylium stellatum (Hedw.) Lange & C.E.O.Jensen ( Esp. caract. )
Carex davalliana Sm., 1800 ( Esp. caract. )
Carex demissa Vahl ex Hartm., 1820 [nom. illeg. hom.] ( Esp. caract. )
Carex frigida All., 1785 ( Esp. caract. )
Carex nigra All., 1785 ( Esp. caract. )
Carex panicea L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Juncus castaneus Clairv., 1811 ( Esp. caract. )
Juncus triglumis L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Parnassia palustris L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Pinguicula grandiflora Lam., 1789 ( Esp. caract. )
Pinguicula vulgaris L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Primula farinosa auct. non L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Saxifraga aizoides L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Tofieldia calyculata (L.) Wahlenb., 1812 ( Esp. caract. )
Analyse Ecologie du milieu (En fonction des espèces présentes)
Faible
Forte
— nb espèces indicatrices par classe
Humidité
Réaction du sol (pH)
Nutriments
Lumière
Matière organique
Granulométrie
Salinité