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Biotope - Typologie Européenne EUNIS
D4.1 - Niveau 3 : Bas-marais riches en bases, y compris les bas-marais eutrophes à hautes herbes, suintements et ruissellements calcaires
Description
Wetlands and spring-mires, seasonally or permanently waterlogged, with a soligenous or topogenous base-rich, often calcareous water supply. Peat formation, when it occurs, depends on a permanently high watertable. Rich fens may be dominated by small or larger graminoids (Carex spp., Eleocharis spp., Juncus spp., Molinia caerulea, Phragmites australis, Schoenus spp., Sesleria spp.) or tall herbs (e.g. Eupatorium cannabinum). Where the water is base-rich but nutrient-poor, small sedges usually dominate the mire vegetation, together with a "brown moss" carpet. Hard-water spring mires (D4.1N) often contain tufa cones and other tufa deposits. Excluded is the water body of hard-water springs (C2.1); calcareous flushes of the alpine zone are a separate category (D4.2). Rich fens are exceptionally endowed with spectacular, specialised, strictly restricted species. They are among the habitats that have undergone the most serious decline. They are essentially extinct in several regions and gravely endangered in much of central and western Europe.
Taxons (Liens actifs si espèces présentes)
D4.1E - Niveau 4 : Bas-marais alcalins à Trichophorum cespitosum
Description
Scirpus cespitosus-dominated communities of alkaline fens, mainly characteristic of oceanic to subcontinental parts of the boreal region and of the alpine and subalpine levels of the Alps and the Pyrenees, at altitudes superior to those of the Caricetum davallianae communities of unit D4.13, including their deergrass-rich facies (unit D4.132).
Taxons (Liens actifs si espèces présentes)
Scirpus cespitosus L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Analyse Ecologie du milieu (En fonction des espèces présentes)