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Biotopes & milieux

Biotope - Typologie Européenne EUNIS

D4.1 - Niveau 3 : Bas-marais riches en bases, y compris les bas-marais eutrophes à hautes herbes, suintements et ruissellements calcaires
Description
Wetlands and spring-mires, seasonally or permanently waterlogged, with a soligenous or topogenous base-rich, often calcareous water supply. Peat formation, when it occurs, depends on a permanently high watertable. Rich fens may be dominated by small or larger graminoids (Carex spp., Eleocharis spp., Juncus spp., Molinia caerulea, Phragmites australis, Schoenus spp., Sesleria spp.) or tall herbs (e.g. Eupatorium cannabinum). Where the water is base-rich but nutrient-poor, small sedges usually dominate the mire vegetation, together with a "brown moss" carpet. Hard-water spring mires (D4.1N) often contain tufa cones and other tufa deposits. Excluded is the water body of hard-water springs (C2.1); calcareous flushes of the alpine zone are a separate category (D4.2). Rich fens are exceptionally endowed with spectacular, specialised, strictly restricted species. They are among the habitats that have undergone the most serious decline. They are essentially extinct in several regions and gravely endangered in much of central and western Europe.
Taxons (Liens actifs si espèces présentes)
Artemisia sp., Arthrocnemum sp., Corallinaceae sp., Corallinaceae sp., Corallinaceae sp., Corallinaceae sp., Crisiidae sp., Didemnidae sp., Eleocharis sp., Elymus sp., Halocnemum sp., Lotus sp., Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud., 1840, Schoenus L., 1753, Spergularia sp., Tofieldia calyculata (L.) Wahlenb., 1812, Trifolium sp., Zygophyllum sp.,
D4.1I - Niveau 4 : Bas-marais à hautes herbes
Description
Fens invaded by Peucedanum palustre, Eupatorium cannabinum, Cicuta virosa, Symphytum officinale, Lysimachia vulgaris, Cladium mariscus, Phragmites australis, Glyceria maxima, Calamagrostis canescens.
Taxons (Liens actifs si espèces présentes)
Calamagrostis canescens (Weber) Roth, 1789 ( Esp. caract. )
Cicuta virosa L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Cladium mariscus (L.) Pohl, 1809 ( Esp. caract. )
Eupatorium cannabinum L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Glyceria maxima (Hartm.) Holmb., 1919 ( Esp. caract. )
Lysimachia vulgaris L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Peucedanum palustre (L.) Moench, 1794 ( Esp. caract. )
Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud., 1840 ( Esp. caract. )
Symphytum officinale L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Analyse Ecologie du milieu (En fonction des espèces présentes)
Faible
Forte — nb espèces indicatrices par classe
Humidité
Réaction du sol (pH)
Nutriments
Lumière
Matière organique
Granulométrie
Salinité