⌘K
Biotope - Typologie Européenne EUNIS
D4.1 - Niveau 3 : Bas-marais riches en bases, y compris les bas-marais eutrophes à hautes herbes, suintements et ruissellements calcaires
Description
Wetlands and spring-mires, seasonally or permanently waterlogged, with a soligenous or topogenous base-rich, often calcareous water supply. Peat formation, when it occurs, depends on a permanently high watertable. Rich fens may be dominated by small or larger graminoids (Carex spp., Eleocharis spp., Juncus spp., Molinia caerulea, Phragmites australis, Schoenus spp., Sesleria spp.) or tall herbs (e.g. Eupatorium cannabinum). Where the water is base-rich but nutrient-poor, small sedges usually dominate the mire vegetation, together with a "brown moss" carpet. Hard-water spring mires (D4.1N) often contain tufa cones and other tufa deposits. Excluded is the water body of hard-water springs (C2.1); calcareous flushes of the alpine zone are a separate category (D4.2). Rich fens are exceptionally endowed with spectacular, specialised, strictly restricted species. They are among the habitats that have undergone the most serious decline. They are essentially extinct in several regions and gravely endangered in much of central and western Europe.
Taxons (Liens actifs si espèces présentes)
D4.1N - Niveau 4 : Tourbières de sources à eau dure
Description
Spring mires of calcareous, often petrifying, springs. Their specialised communities, usually dominated by bryophytes, belong to the Cratoneurion commutati. Characteristic species are the mosses Cratoneuron filicinum, Cratoneuron commutatum, Cratoneuron commutatum var. falcatum, Catoscopium nigritum, Eucladium verticillatum, Gymnostomum recurvirostrae, with Equisetum telmateia, Equisetum variegatum and flowering plants including Cochlearia pyrenaica, Arabis soyeri, Pinguicula vulgaris, Saxifraga aizoides. The associated swamp communities belong to the Caricetalia davallianae, see units D4.13-D4.15. Large petrifying springs form tufa cones that constitute singular habitats with several interacting plant and animal communities, which are described as subunits.
Taxons (Liens actifs si espèces présentes)
Arabis soyeri Reut. & A.L.P.Huet, 1853 ( Esp. caract. )
Catoscopium nigritum (Hedw.) Brid., 1826 ( Esp. caract. )
Cochlearia pyrenaica DC., 1821 ( Esp. caract. )
Cratoneuron commutatum (Hedw.) G.Roth, 1899 ( Esp. caract. )
Cratoneuron commutatum var. falcatum ( Esp. caract. )
Cratoneuron filicinum (Hedw.) Spruce, 1867 ( Esp. caract. )
Equisetum telmateia Ehrh., 1783 ( Esp. caract. )
Equisetum variegatum auct. non Schleich. ex F.Weber & D.Mohr, 1807 ( Esp. caract. )
Eucladium verticillatum (With.) Bruch & Schimp., 1846 ( Esp. caract. )
Gymnostomum recurvirostrum Hedw., 1801 ( Esp. caract. )
Pinguicula vulgaris L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Saxifraga aizoides L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Catoscopium nigritum (Hedw.) Brid., 1826 ( Esp. caract. )
Cochlearia pyrenaica DC., 1821 ( Esp. caract. )
Cratoneuron commutatum (Hedw.) G.Roth, 1899 ( Esp. caract. )
Cratoneuron commutatum var. falcatum ( Esp. caract. )
Cratoneuron filicinum (Hedw.) Spruce, 1867 ( Esp. caract. )
Equisetum telmateia Ehrh., 1783 ( Esp. caract. )
Equisetum variegatum auct. non Schleich. ex F.Weber & D.Mohr, 1807 ( Esp. caract. )
Eucladium verticillatum (With.) Bruch & Schimp., 1846 ( Esp. caract. )
Gymnostomum recurvirostrum Hedw., 1801 ( Esp. caract. )
Pinguicula vulgaris L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Saxifraga aizoides L., 1753 ( Esp. caract. )
Analyse Ecologie du milieu (En fonction des espèces présentes)
Faible
Forte
— nb espèces indicatrices par classe
Humidité
Réaction du sol (pH)
Nutriments
Lumière
Matière organique
Granulométrie
Salinité