Regularly grazed mesotrophic pastures of Europe, fertilised and on well-drained soils, with Lolium perenne, Cynosurus cristatus, Poa spp., Festuca spp., Trifolium repens, Leontodon autumnalis, Bellis perennis, Ranunculus repens, Ranunculus acris, Cardamine pratensis, Deschampsia cespitosa; they are most characteristic of the nemoral and boreonemoral zones Europe, but extend to the Cordillera Central, the Apennines and the supra-Mediterranean zone of the Balkan peninsula and Greece.
Abandoned grasslands in which either weedy and ruderal species or species of the next successional stages occur beside the dominant grassland species after cessation of anthropogenic management . The richest stands are on carbonate and eruptive rock soils. Geranium sylvaticum, Trifolium medium, Astrantia major, Coronilla varia, Listera ovata, Gentiana cruciata, Platanthera bifolia are typical species.