Dwarf heaths of alliances Loiseleurio-Vaccinion and Juncion trifidi dominated by Empetrum hermaphroditum, Empetrum nigrum and Vaccinium spp., with Arctostaphylos alpinus, Calluna vulgaris, Festuca supina, Avenula versicolor; lycopodes (Huperzia selago, Diphasiastrum alpinum), mosses (Barbilophozia lycopodioides, Hylocomium splendens, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus) and lichens (Cetraria islandica, Cladonia spp., Peltigera aphthosa) of the subalpine belt of the Alps, the Carpathians, the Dinarides, the Pyrenees, the Central Massif, the Sudeten, the Jura, the Northern Apennines, characteristic of relatively windswept, snow-free stations, in frost-exposure situations that are, however, less extreme than those prevailing where communities of unit F2.21 dominate. Unlike the formations of F2.21, those of F2.24 are clearly two-layered.