Western Mediterranean formations of small or medium Cistus spp., most characteristic of the siliceous soils of the meso-Mediterranean zone, but also widely occurring in the thermo-Mediterranean zone and in the siliceous supra-Mediterranean zone. Formations of mostly calciphile Cistus species (e.g. C. albidus, C. clusii) and of indifferent species accompanied by strongly calciphile floras are listed under 32.4; formations of entirely thermo-Mediterranean species (e.g. Cistus bourgaeanus, C. palhinhae, C. heterophyllus) and of widespread species associated with co-dominant thermo-Mediterranean species have been listed under 32.2. Included here are all other formations; homogeneous, more or less dense cistus fields can be identified by addition of digit 1 in the fourth decimal place of the subdivisions below, more varied maquis of which the relevant cistus species is an essential element, by addition of digit 2 in the fourth decimal place of these subdivisions.