OmniBota — Milieux

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Biotope - Typologie CORINE

34.32 - Niveau 4 : Pelouses calcaires sub-atlantiques semi-arides

Description

More or less mesophile, closed formations dominated by perennial, tuft-forming grasses, colonizing relatively deep, mostly calcareous soils in the sub-Atlantic domaine of the Quercion pubescenti-petraeae and its northern irradiations and in the sub-Mediterranean mountains of the Italian peninsula, with Bromus erectus, Brachypodium pinnatum, Koeleria pyramidata, Festuca guestfalica, F. lemanii, Avenula pubescens, Sesleria albicans, Briza media, Carex caryophyllea, C. flacca, Gentianella germanica, G. ciliata, Gentiana cruciata, Trifolium montanum, Lotus corniculatus, Ononis repens, Medicago lupulina, Ranunculus bulbosus, Sanguisorba minor, Cirsium acaule, Euphrasia stricta, Dianthus deltoides, Potentilla neumanniana (= P. tabernaemontani, P. verna), Anthyllis vulneraria, Galium verum, Euphorbia brittingeri (E. verrucosa), Hippocrepis comosa, Helianthemum nummularium, Thymus praecox, Salvia pratensis, Linum catharticum, Scabiosa columbaria, Centaurea scabiosa, Carlina vulgaris, Viola hirta, Plantago media, Primula veris and numerous orchids such as Coeloglossum viride, Ophrys apifera, O. holoserica, O. insectifera, O. sphegodes, Aceras anthropophorum, Himantoglossum hircinum, Anacamptis pyramidalis, Orchis morio, O. ustulata, O. militaris, O. simia, Gymnadenia conopsea, Platanthera chlorantha, Herminium monorchis, Dactylorhiza fuchsii. Generally species-rich, these communities may be overwhelmed by the highly social Brachypodium pinnatum. Their range extends from the British Isles, Denmark, the Low Countries and northern Germany to the Cantabric range, the Pyrenees, Catalonia, the southern Alps, and the Central Apennines. Forming a bridge between the Mediterranean region and thermophile sites to the north, they can be identified by their high representation of Mediterranean species in the north and of Euro-Siberian ones in the south.

Taxons (Liens actifs si espèces présentes)

34.324 - Niveau 5 : Pelouses alluviales et humides du Mesobromion

Description

Closed grasslands rich in species of the Mesobromion and in particular Bromus erectus, developed on calcareous marls, on somewhat elevated expanses of alluvial plains and on other water retentive soils within the range of the grasslands listed under 34.322. They are transitional to humid grasslands (37) and are often marked by the abundance of Carex flacca. Among characteristic elements are also Thalictrum majus, Peucedanum carvifolia, Silaum silaus, Festuca hirundinacea. Geographical subdivisions can be introduced by use of the fourth decimal digit of 34.322 in the fourth place of 34.324. Extensive examples are known in particular from the marls of Lorraine, the Belgian low Meuse and the great rivers of the Netherlands, Westphalia, the alluvial plains of the French Moselle and Meuse, the Rhine valley in Germany and Alsace, various valleys in south Germany and the valley of the Sarthe.

Taxons (Liens actifs si espèces présentes)

Analyse Ecologie du milieu (En fonction des espèces présentes)

Faible

Forte — nb espèces indicatrices par classe

Humidité

Réaction du sol (pH)

Nutriments

Lumière

Matière organique

Granulométrie

Salinité

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